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The Jacobite Syrian Christian Church or Syriac Church of Malankara, commonly and erroneously referred to as the Jacobites or the Patrigeese Church, is an integral part of the Syriac Orthodox Church, located in Kerala, India. The Syriac Patriarch of Antioch, currently Ignatius Aphrem II, is its supreme head. It functions as a largely autonomous Indian church within the Syrian church with a provincial episcopal synod, under the authority of the Catholicos of India, ordained by and accountable to the Patriarch of Antioch, currently Baselios Thomas I. Its members are part of the Saint Thomas Christian, which traces its origins to the evangelistic activity of Thomas the Apostle in the 1st century.〔(''The Encyclopedia of Christianity, Volume 5'' ) by Erwin Fahlbusch. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing - 2008. p. 285. ISBN 978-0-8028-2417-2.〕〔Menachery G (1973) The St. Thomas Christian Encyclopedia of India, Ed. George Menachery, B.N.K. Press, vol. 2, ISBN 81-87132-06-X, Lib. Cong. Cat. Card. No. 73-905568; B.N.K. Press – (has some 70 lengthy articles by different experts on the origins, development, history, culture... of these Christians, with some 300 odd photographs).〕〔Leslie Brown, (1956) The Indian Christians of St. Thomas. An Account of the Ancient Syrian Church of Malabar, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1956, 1982 (repr.)〕〔Thomas Puthiakunnel, (1973) "Jewish colonies of India paved the way for St. Thomas", The Saint Thomas Christian Encyclopedia of India, ed. George Menachery, Vol. II., Trichur.〕〔NSC Network (2007) (St. Thomas, India mission- Early reference and testimonies )〕 Historically, the Saint Thomas Christians were united in leadership and liturgy, and were part of the Syriac Orthodox Church centred in Persia.〔Frykenberg, p. 93.〕〔Wilmshurst, ''EOCE'', 343〕 From the 16th century the Portuguese Jesuits attempted to forcefully bring the community fully into the Latin Rite of the Catholic Church. Resentment of these measures led a part of the community to join the archdeacon, Thomas, in swearing never to submit to the Portuguese in the Coonan Cross Oath in 1653. The part of the church that followed Thomas is known as the Malankara Church. After the request of Malankara Church Gregorios Abdul Jaleel of Jerusalem, established first Archdeacon For Malankara Church. Over time, however, relations soured between the Syriac Orthodox Patriarchs and the local hierarchy, particularly after Patriarch Ignatius Peter IV (reigned 1872—1894) demanded registered deeds for the transfer of properties. In 1912, a synod led by the Patriarch Ignatius Abdul Masih II, who had been controversially deposed by the Ottoman government,〔Vadakkekara, p. 95.〕〔Tamcke, p. 214.〕 consecrated Evanios as Catholicos of the East, under the name Baselios Paulose I. The faction that supported Baselios Paulose became what is now the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church, while those who supported the new Patriarch, Ignatius Abded Aloho II, who opposed that consecration, became the Jacobite Church. The two groups were reunited from 1934, but Greed Of the church leader baselios Thomas 1 his attempts led to division in church later two Supreme Court decisions created the contention, and eventually led to the creation of Jacobite Church in 2002. supreme court appointed a Judge ( Justice Malimat ) to organise the Malankara Association to elect and select thr Malankara Metropolitan but a section of people under the leadership of Baselios Thomas gathered at Puthencruz officially at the same time and proclaimed Baselios Thomas as Catholicos By the permission of Pathriach, later he went Lebanon and met Patriarch of Antioch to have apostolic blessings cementing his place as catholicos. Attempts by church leaders and two Supreme Court decisions were unable to resolve the contention, and the two churches operate independently today. As part of the Syriac Orthodox communion the church uses the West Syrian liturgy and is part of the Oriental Orthodox group of churches. It has dioceses in most parts of India as well as in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Western Europe, and the Persian Gulf nations. In 2003 it was estimated that the church has 80,000 members globally. The members of the Church are known as Nazaranis. ==Name== The legal name of the autonomous body of the Syriac Orthodox Church in India is the Jacobite Syrian Christian Church. It is also known as the ''Syriac Orthodox Church of Malankara''. The local Episcopal synod is led by the Catholicos of India . The Catholicos is ordained by and accountable to the Patriarch of the Syriac Orthodox Church. The Patriarch holds both temporal and spiritual control where the Catholicate has jurisdiction, however restricts exercising temporal power due to the nature of affairs and independent history of the church. However, the Indian section or its bishops including its local head has absolutely no say or voting rights in the selection of the Patriarch of Antoich. In 2000, a Holy Synod ruled that the name of the church in English should be the "'Syriac Orthodox Church". It had been, and often still is today, called the "Syrian Orthodox Church". The church in India uses the current legal name and inclusion of the term "Jacobite" as a way of distinguish themselves from the other faction known as the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church (Indian Orthodox Church) or ''Methran Kakshi'' as well as to prevent the transference of churches to the other in legal disputes. Historically, the Syrian Christians of India were organized as a body known as the Syrian Church. When the faith, traditions, and practice of the Syriac Orthodox Church were integrated it became the Orthodox Syrian Church in keeping with how the phrase would be said in the grammar of Malayalam. Afterwards, the name was known as Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church, a direct English transliteration/translation of the phrase ''Malankaralayulla Orthodox Suriyani Sabha''. However, when some leadership, including the "Catholicose" at the time and several laypeople of this body broke away from the Syriac Orthodox Church resulting in the fracture of the Syriac Orthodox Church in Malankara, the remaining leadership and faithful reorganized under the name that was traditionally used as an insult for the global Syriac Orthodox Church, the word ''Jacobite''. Due to its keeping with Cyrillian phrasing of the nature of Christ, the Syriac Church of Antioch and the Coptic Church of Alexandria rejected the Council of Chalcedon and was branded as heretics by the churches of Rome and Constantinople. In this first division of the Christian Church, these two former patriarchates and their churches were persecuted resulting in the near elimination of the Syriac Orthodox Church. It, however, continued to remain and survived due to the instrumental efforts of Jacob Baradaeus. Thus, the church was called ''Jacob-ites'' by other Chalcedonian churches to insinuate that the church was new body that formed under Jacob Baradaeus rather than then direct continuation of the Syriac Orthodox Church and the Patriarchate of Antioch. The Semitic approach of evening and morning are used to mark the observations of fasting and prayer and the preparation for the Eucharist. However, the Malayalam Calendar was used to make the more recent religious events such establishment dates of churches, houses and gravestones until recently. Now that practice has virtually ceased in favor of the standard Western, Gregorian calendar. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jacobite Syrian Christian Church」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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